python-pillow/Pillow GitHub Actions scorecard

Public GitHub Actions data, last 30 days. Updated .

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2,960 min/mo
recoverable (~20% of CI time) · across 35 patterns · ≈$18/mo
Estimated from wall-clock time · public repos pay $0, $ = private-repo equivalent
See all 35 fixes, each with the exact YAML ↓
3.2%
failure rate, 30d
1h 1m
avg time to recover from a failure
Since : findings 27 → 35 · recoverable ~201 → ~2,960 min/mo
22 workflows · 500 runs (16.7/day) · 14,815 CI-min (wall-clock) · ≈$89 at private-repo rates (30d)

Where the minutes go (30d)

Test Docker~2,941 min · 60 runs
Test~2,893 min · 60 runs
Test Windows~1,963 min · 59 runs
or track on every push →

Waste detected

Biggest wins first, each with the exact config fix.

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Test Docker

~686 min/mo · ≈$4/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Test

~675 min/mo · ≈$4/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Test Windows

~466 min/mo · ≈$3/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Missing dependency cache · Wheels

~316 min/mo · ≈$2/mo

Set `cache: 'pip'` on your `actions/setup-python` step, or add an `actions/cache@v4` step keyed on your requirements/lock file.

- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
  with:
    python-version: '3.12'
    cache: 'pip'

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Benchmark

~311 min/mo · ≈$2/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · CIFuzz

~163 min/mo · ≈$1/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Lint

~158 min/mo · ≈$1/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Test MinGW

~146 min/mo · ≈$1/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Workflow runs on both push and pull_request · Docs

~39 min/mo

Pushing to a branch and opening a PR triggers two runs. Pick one (usually `pull_request`) and exclude branch pushes for non-default branches.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

Full guide: how to fix this →

Also found: 26 more config fixes with negligible recoverable minutes: timeouts, retention, path filters

No job timeout · Benchmark

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Cache without restore-keys · Benchmark

~0 min/mo

The cache restores only on an exact key match, so any lockfile change means a full cold download. Add a `restore-keys:` prefix line for partial restores.

    key: deps-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/<lockfile>') }}
    restore-keys: |
      deps-${{ runner.os }}-

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · CIFuzz

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Artifacts at default retention · CIFuzz

~0 min/mo

`upload-artifact` has no `retention-days`, so artifacts keep up to 90 days (storage cost). Set e.g. `retention-days: 7`.

- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/
    retention-days: 7

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Docs

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Cache without restore-keys · Docs

~0 min/mo

The cache restores only on an exact key match, so any lockfile change means a full cold download. Add a `restore-keys:` prefix line for partial restores.

    key: deps-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/<lockfile>') }}
    restore-keys: |
      deps-${{ runner.os }}-

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Lint

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

No path filters on triggers · Lint

~0 min/mo

Runs on every push/PR with no `paths:` filter, so docs-only changes still trigger full CI. Add a `paths:` filter if that's common.

on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - 'src/**'
      - 'package.json'

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Release drafter

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

cancel-in-progress on a deploy workflow · Release drafter

~0 min/mo

This looks like a deploy/release workflow with `cancel-in-progress: true`, which cancels queued runs too, so a queued deploy is silently dropped when a newer run arrives. Use a group-only `concurrency:` block on deploys.

concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
  # queued deploys run in order; none are dropped

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Close stale issues

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Test Docker

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Large build matrix · Test Docker

~0 min/mo

The matrix expands to many parallel jobs per run, multiplying billable minutes, often more combos than you need. Trim the axes, or use `include:` to list only the combinations that matter.

strategy:
  fail-fast: true
  matrix:
    include:
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 20 }
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 22 }

Full guide: how to fix this →

Premium runners (macOS / Windows) · Test MinGW

~0 min/mo

macOS bills ~10x and Windows ~2x a Linux minute. The cost estimate above assumes Linux, so your real spend is higher. Move any job that doesn't need them to `ubuntu-latest`.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # ~10x cheaper than macos-latest

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Test Valgrind Memory Leaks

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Test Valgrind

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Artifacts at default retention · Test Windows

~0 min/mo

`upload-artifact` has no `retention-days`, so artifacts keep up to 90 days (storage cost). Set e.g. `retention-days: 7`.

- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/
    retention-days: 7

Full guide: how to fix this →

Premium runners (macOS / Windows) · Test Windows

~0 min/mo

macOS bills ~10x and Windows ~2x a Linux minute. The cost estimate above assumes Linux, so your real spend is higher. Move any job that doesn't need them to `ubuntu-latest`.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # ~10x cheaper than macos-latest

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Test

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Artifacts at default retention · Test

~0 min/mo

`upload-artifact` has no `retention-days`, so artifacts keep up to 90 days (storage cost). Set e.g. `retention-days: 7`.

- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/
    retention-days: 7

Full guide: how to fix this →

Large build matrix · Test

~0 min/mo

The matrix expands to many parallel jobs per run, multiplying billable minutes, often more combos than you need. Trim the axes, or use `include:` to list only the combinations that matter.

strategy:
  fail-fast: true
  matrix:
    include:
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 20 }
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 22 }

Full guide: how to fix this →

Premium runners (macOS / Windows) · Test

~0 min/mo

macOS bills ~10x and Windows ~2x a Linux minute. The cost estimate above assumes Linux, so your real spend is higher. Move any job that doesn't need them to `ubuntu-latest`.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # ~10x cheaper than macos-latest

Full guide: how to fix this →

Cache without restore-keys · Test

~0 min/mo

The cache restores only on an exact key match, so any lockfile change means a full cold download. Add a `restore-keys:` prefix line for partial restores.

    key: deps-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/<lockfile>') }}
    restore-keys: |
      deps-${{ runner.os }}-

Full guide: how to fix this →

No job timeout · Wheels

~0 min/mo

No job sets `timeout-minutes`, so a hung step can run to GitHub's 6-hour default. Add `timeout-minutes` to each job.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

Full guide: how to fix this →

Artifacts at default retention · Wheels

~0 min/mo

`upload-artifact` has no `retention-days`, so artifacts keep up to 90 days (storage cost). Set e.g. `retention-days: 7`.

- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/
    retention-days: 7

Full guide: how to fix this →

Premium runners (macOS / Windows) · Wheels

~0 min/mo

macOS bills ~10x and Windows ~2x a Linux minute. The cost estimate above assumes Linux, so your real spend is higher. Move any job that doesn't need them to `ubuntu-latest`.

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # ~10x cheaper than macos-latest

Full guide: how to fix this →

Copy every fix as one block (9 snippets, annotated per workflow)
# Workflow runs on both push and pull_request (applies to: Test Docker, Test, Test Windows, Benchmark, CIFuzz, Lint, Test MinGW, Docs)
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

# Missing dependency cache (pip) (applies to: Wheels)
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
  with:
    python-version: '3.12'
    cache: 'pip'

# No job timeout (applies to: Benchmark, CIFuzz, Docs, Lint, Release drafter, Close stale issues, Test Docker, Test Valgrind Memory Leaks, Test Valgrind, Test, Wheels)
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15

# Cache without restore-keys (applies to: Benchmark, Docs, Test)
    key: deps-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/<lockfile>') }}
    restore-keys: |
      deps-${{ runner.os }}-

# Artifacts at default retention (applies to: CIFuzz, Test Windows, Test, Wheels)
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: build
    path: dist/
    retention-days: 7

# No path filters on triggers (applies to: Lint)
on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - 'src/**'
      - 'package.json'

# cancel-in-progress on a deploy workflow (applies to: Release drafter)
concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
  # queued deploys run in order; none are dropped

# Large build matrix (applies to: Test Docker, Test)
strategy:
  fail-fast: true
  matrix:
    include:
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 20 }
      - { os: ubuntu-latest, node: 22 }

# Premium runners (macOS / Windows) (applies to: Test MinGW, Test Windows, Test, Wheels)
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # ~10x cheaper than macos-latest

Each snippet is representative. Merge into the named workflow files rather than pasting wholesale.

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